MEP Engineering · Engineering Glossary
A solar photovoltaic (PV) system converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor panels (modules), an inverter to convert DC to AC power, and electrical interconnection equipment. Commercial solar PV systems are engineered by electrical engineers for interconnection with the building's electrical system and for structural attachment to the roof or ground.
The electrical engineer designs the PV array layout, strings the modules to match inverter input voltage windows, designs the DC and AC wiring, selects the inverter type (string, central, or microinverter), and designs the utility interconnection per the NEC Article 690 and the local utility's interconnection requirements. The structural engineer evaluates the roof framing for the added dead load of the panels and racking, and designs the attachment hardware and waterproofing details. Many states and utilities now require anti-islanding protection, interconnection studies, and Permission to Operate (PTO) from the utility before a solar system can be activated. Apex Grid provides structural and electrical engineering for rooftop and ground-mount commercial solar PV systems.
Apex Grid Engineering maintains this glossary as a resource for architects, contractors, developers, and property owners who encounter unfamiliar engineering terminology on their projects.
View All Engineering TermsApex Grid's licensed PEs provide mep engineering services across multiple jurisdictions — with fast quote turnaround and permit-ready documents.
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